Arming P.1154 by Ralph Morton
Comments by Michael Pryce
Maintrack's
P1154 does not come with armament fitted. This is understandable as the
manufacturer's models pictured in various sources were unarmed. Modellers who
make the kit may welcome some guidance on possible armaments configurations. Maintrack
RAF model has some errors - e.g. front undercarriage position, air intakes
wrong. I have copies of original 1154RAF plans including cross sections etc.
if required.
HS
1154 (RAF)
The
history of the RAF version is well documented (notably in "Project
Cancelled" and an article in "Air Britain"). At the beginning
of the story, the aircraft was designed to be fitted for "Red Top"
(up to 4 in the air-to air role), "Bullpup" or "AS 30" (up
to 4 in the air-to-surface role), and the "Martel" (both TV and
Anti-Radar versions). In addition the 1154 could carry ferry tanks (400
gal under each wing and 200 gal under fuselage - also 300 gal combat tanks
underwing)
or standard (preferred
low drag NC bombs or retarded versions. Trainer would have had practice bomb
carriers) bombs/SNEB
rockets (or
2 inch rockets or napalm) on
4 pylons and a centre store
(underfuselage
was 3 pylons, either centreline OR two dual pylons could be used at any one
time).
It was also intended originally to wire the aircraft to carry a single nuclear
weapon. If "Air Britain" is to be believed (I
say it should be, but then I wrote it!) the
aircraft that was cancelled in 1964 had been de-rated to carry only bombs (and
rockets/napalm) or
a single Anti-Radar Martel in the attack (no,
two AR Martel - one on each inboard pylon)
role or "Red Tops" in the fighter role. The nuclear requirement had
also been rescinded (but
provision for WE.177 or US B.58 bombs at a later date was still required). If
interested I can forward the pylon/weapon plans for the aircraft, including
the tandem twin bomb store pylon for the inboard station with the rear bomb
stepped-up (NC bomb was longer and thinner than 1000lb GP)
It
is not hard, therefore, to see why the RAF was easily persuaded to opt for the
F4 Phantom in 1965. The RAF still hoped in 1964 to retain TSR2, and then
later, the F111K, as its main theatre operational strike aircraft. It did not
really want the simplified 1127 Harrier either and would have preferred more
F4s.
There
is, however, a continuity in RAF thinking in the form of the Jaguar. The F4
proved too expensive to operate in the ground attack role and was in any case
needed as a fighter (its "Sidewinder" and "Sparrow"
combination far superior to the "Red Top"). Early models of Jaguar
were shown with a single "Martel" clutched on the centre pylon. In
June 1970 the RAF converted its order for Jaguar trainers into an order for
165 ground attack/strike versions (In 1964 it was considering 150 1154s for
six operational squadrons
- 182 aircraft, including 25 trainers, for eight operational sqns.).
This
background gives modellers some interesting options for their RAF 1154s:
"The
full monty": the originally planned range of weapons (Red Tops, Bullpups,
AS 30s, Martels) on an aircraft in the standard 1960s green/grey with white
undersides and full colour roundels
(this paint scheme was specified at cancellation)
"VSTOL
Jaguar": The 1154 would probably not have entered service with RAF until
the early 70s
(1970-71 probably)
(Hunters would have soldiered on to fill the gap). 6-8 squadrons would either
have been in service worldwide (UK, Germany, Gulf, Far East) or just in
Europe. As with the RAF Jaguars main weapons would have been bombs and recce
pods (plus cannon
twin ADEN pod for centreline was sketched, but not decided upon. As was recce
pod - RAF wanted radar/IR/cameras in one pod, but this was too much).
From 1991 1154s would have exchanged their wrapround green/grey for either
Gulf pink or low viz grey and like the Jaguars obtained more modern weapons (Paveway,
Canadian rocket pods, Mavericks) he aircraft (like the Jaguar) would still be
in service. What their replacement would have been?
HS
1154 (RN)
Unlike
the RAF version the Royal Navy's 1154s were only shown in drawings with either
the "Red Top" or "Bullpup". Getting the RN 1154 into
service is much harder than its RAF counterpart. Assuming the Royal Navy had
ordered the CVA 01 and successor ships, it would have fitted them with the
successful Phantom and Buccaneer combination. The various 1154 designs
considered were good multi-role aircraft, but could not have competed with two
"classics".
Had
the Royal Navy embarked on an expensive 1154 programme in 1963 and had it
received the first CVA 01 ship in 1973 as planned (more fantasy than
alternative history, but….) plans called for the RN to operate 1154 and
Buccaneer initially, but with the later possibility of a developed 1154 in
both roles (again it is not hard to see why this never gained their support).
By
1975 the CVA 01 would have been in service with its 1154 and Buccaneer
squadrons (a second ship was planned to replace HMS Eagle in 1979 (Ark Royal
and Victorious were to be scrapped) if funds could be found (only one CV could
be built at a time). Commando Carriers (HMS Albion and HMS Bulwark and later
HMS Hermes) would have been able to operate detachments of 1154s (both RN and
RAF
- only RAF as RN version needed catapults, which were removed for Commando
role).
Apart
from the ageing "Red Top" no clues are given to the likely weapons
for the RN aircraft. Without the Phantoms it is not easy to see the RN buying
"Sparrow", though "Sidewinder" was already in service on
Scimitars.
RN aircraft was planned to have both versions of Martel plus Bullpup and
WE.177 nuke. It was also planned to use a radar version of Red Top known as
Blue Dolphin. However, the RN version(s) was never defined in anything like
the depth of the RAF version - the initial outline document from the RN wanted
a version of the US Eagle missile, precursor of Phoenix!
Initially
the aircraft would have inherited "Red Top" from the Sea Vixen
force. At some point in the late 70s it would have been necessary to purchase
replacement weapons. The "Sidewinder"/"Sparrow"
combination would have been the most likely, though French equivalents might
have also been considered. By the 90s "Amraam" would have replaced
them (as on the Sea Harrier). A somewhat improbable option, but one which
might have found favour at the height of the Soviet threat would have been a
limited purchase of "Phoenix" for wide area defence (either one on
the centre pylon or one each under the wing with long range tanks). Colours as
for Phantoms and then Sea Harriers.
Export
1154s
This
is a really wide curve but offers some fun options for "What-if
modellers".
The
RAF 1154 might have been a world-beater if its in service career had been as
good as the Jaguar and 1127 Harrier. Customers could have been the US Marines,
India, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, South Africa (either new or old depending
on your timeline), and Australia. Germany and Italy might have been persuaded
to buy the planes instead of their Alpha Jet and AMX programmes. Belgium
was planning on buying 75 if the UK went ahead in 1965 - went for Mirage V
eventually. Also Netherlands were interested as an F-104 replacement (and had
an aircraft carrier until sold to Argentina in late 60s). Both had been Hunter
customers.
The
RN 1154 opens up an even wider fantasy list: Australia and Canada could have
used the planes to keep their carrier forces in business
- RN version would have needed a bigger ship - cats too small on Majestic
class ships. However, Canada was willing to pay for some 1154RAF funding as
they could see it would fly off their carrier no problem - I have a copy of
the hangar layout and deck park that HSA planned.
India, Brazil and (sorry) Argentina might also have done so
India could have flown the RAF variant only from a carrier for same reason as
Can/Aus. The Argentine (ex-Dutch) and Brazilian carriers had lifts that were
too small for the 1154RAF but could have been modified.
If the plane had been a real success the USN might have used it to keep
"Essex" class carriers in service into the 80s.
See
also:
http://www.harrier.org.uk/history/history_p1154.htm
-
a slightly updated version of the Aeromilitaria article.